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Events in the Life of Harold Washington
Events in the Life of Harold Washington is a mural at Chicago’s central library, the Harold Washington Library, named after Harold Washington, who was Chicago’s first Black mayor, by Jacob Lawrence commissioned in 1991. As much as the mural’s message may seem self-explanatory, depicting the various accomplishments of the late-Washington, this mural does not exist as only a commemoration of his life. In an effort to evoke inspiration and empowering progressive recollection, Jacob Lawrence’s mural, ''Events in the Life of Harold Washington'', highlights and patronizes the African diasporic population’s victory against the white power structure of Twentieth Century Chicago while embodying the artist’s lifelong examination of the meaning of Black progress and struggle.
==Twentieth Century Chicago: A City Divided and the Struggle between Powers ==
Contrary to its profound Democratic shift, Twentieth Century Chicago, post-Great Migration, faced a racial divide that bore a white power structure composed of political manipulation as tensions rose within the city. As an influx of Blacks increased the population of African diasporic peoples in Chicago from 109,000 in 1920 to 1.2 million in years in 1982, white Chicagoans reacted by moving out of their respective homes in the city, especially on the South-Side, towards the suburbs.〔Abdul Alkalimat and Doug Gills, Harold Washington and the Crisis of Black Power in Chicago, (Chicago: Twentieth Century Books and Publications,1989), 113.〕 Here we see the formation of a “Black metropolis” in which Blacks were confined to well-defined black areas and a physical line was drawn between races.〔Paul Kleppner, Chicago Divided: The Making of a Black Mayor (DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 1985), 36.〕 Labeled as inferior, Blacks found themselves at the bottom of the economic base where they consequently became subjected to substandard housing, low salary jobs, and no political representation.〔 However, as the events of the Civil Rights Movement were replaced by the militant Black Panther Party and the Chicago Race Riot of 1919, demands for better conditions incited racial tensions. White Chicagoans, whether living in racially changing neighborhoods or at a distance, looked to Chicago's Democratic Party as means to “at least conserve what they had for themselves, while expecting improved schools, housing, and better jobs for their children…() the civil rights movement as a threat to these aspirations.”〔Paul Kleppner, Chicago Divided: The Making of a Black Mayor (DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 1985), 9〕 Here we find the basis for the “white power structure” in 20th Century Chicago. White Chicagoans knew that “corporate control of the economy () managed by and serve() the interest of a predominantly white ruling class” and maintained the status quo.〔Abdul Alkalimat and Doug Gills, Harold Washington and the Crisis of Black Power in Chicago, (Chicago: Twentieth Century Books and Publications, 1989), 109.〕 As stated by authors Abdul Alkalimat and Doug Gills, “racism operated in the () party to hold back Blacks from being incorporated equitably with anything approaching democratic representation.”〔Paul Kleppner, Chicago Divided: The Making of a Black Mayor (DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 1985), 75-76.〕 In other words, by preventing the Black vote in a physically divided city, the community’s education remained substandard, housing conditions worsened, and economic upward mobility was stifled despite promises from politicians. Looking further, governmental manipulation within the city was seen in unjust trials of the Chicago Seven and the FBI murder of Black Panther Party leader Fred Hampton, leading more Blacks to doubt their government and demand more political representation.〔 A struggle emerged from this turmoil in which “a Black political power evoke() fear in whites and a political response: the white power backlash.”〔6. Abdul Alkalimat and Doug Gills, Harold Washington and the Crisis of Black Power in Chicago, (Chicago: Twentieth Century Books and Publications, 1989), 111.〕 This struggle was for Black representation in a crooked government. However, as this Black power movement to fight the struggle followed an idea of progress, it needed to utilize a symbol of progression.
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